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Railways of UK |
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Railways of UK |
The rail network in the United Kingdom consists of two independent parts, that of Northern Ireland and that of Great Britain. Since 1994, the latter has been connected to mainland Europe via the Channel Tunnel. The network of Northern Ireland is connected to that of the Republic of Ireland.
Great Britain
The rail network in Great Britain is the oldest such network in the world. The world's first intercity railway was the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, designed by George Stephenson and opened by the Prime Minister, the Duke of Wellington on September 15, [1830].
Until 1996 the rail network in Britain, and the passenger and freight services on it, were owned, operated and maintained by British Rail, a government-owned monopoly. In 1994 and 1995 British Rail was split into infrastructure, maintenance, rolling stock, passenger and freight companies, which were privatised from 1996 to 1997. Privatisation has proved controversial and the rail network has not yet experienced the full improvements that had been hoped.
In Britain, the infrastructure (track, stations, depots and signalling chiefly) is owned and maintained by Network Rail, a not for profit company. Network Rail replaced Railtrack, which became bankrupt in 2002 following the Hatfield Accident in 2000. Passenger services are operated by train operating companies(TOC's), most of which are franchises awarded by the UK Government. Examples include Virgin Trains, GNER and the First Group.
Freight trains are operated by Freight Operating Companies, such as EWS, which are commercial operations unsupported by government. Most Train Operating Companies do not own the locomotives and coaches which they use to operate passenger services, being instead required to lease these from the Rolling Stock Operating Companies (ROSCOs)examples like HSBC and maintained by bombardier.
In Great Britain there is 16,536 km of 1435 mm gauge track. Of which, 4928 km is electrified and 12,591 km is double or multiple tracks. The maximum scheduled speed on the regular network has historically been around 125 miles per hour(200 km/h), on the Inter-City lines. On the Channel Tunnel Rail Link, linking London with the Channel Tunnel, trains are now able to go at the speeds of French TGVs.
Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland Railways (NIR) both owns the infrastructure and operates passenger rail services. The Northern Ireland rail network is one of the few networks in Europe that carry no freight. It is publicly-owned. NIR was united in 1996 with Northern Ireland's two publicly-owned bus operators — Ulsterbus and Metro (formally Citybus) — under the brand Translink.
In Northern Ireland there is 342 km of track at 1600 mm gauge. 190 km of it is multiple track. |
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Railways of UK |
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